Constitutional Law Archives

Accidental Shooting of a Hostage: 9th Circuit Ruling

DOES THE ACCIDENTAL SHOOTING OF A HOSTAGE VIOLATE THE CONSTITUTION? On November 7, 2025, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decided Hawatmeh v. City of Henderson,[i] in which the court of appeals examined whether officers violated the Fourth or Fourteenth [...]

ALPR Fourth Amendment: Constitutional Framework

Flock Safety and Automated License Plate Readers: Balancing Public Safety, Privacy, and the Fourth Amendment: Part Two – The Constitutional Framework Related to ALPRs As discussed in Part One of this series, automatic license plate readers (ALPRs) such at Flock [...]