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	articles/ 1 pages LLRMI Article Archives - Index of all PATC/LLRMI Public Safety/Liability Articles
		jails/ 28 pages LLRMI Archive Index: Legal Questions Answered Opening of locked containers on impound inventories Strip Searches for Institutional Security in a Jail or Lock-up Setting 1st Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 2nd Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 3rd Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 4th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 5th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 6th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 7th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 8th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 9th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers, 2010 Update - Bull v San Francisco 9th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 10th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 11th Circuit: Strip Searches in Jails / Detention Centers 9th Circuit: Dental Care in Jail / Detention Center 9th Circuit: Jail (Officer) Failure to Follow Doctor’s Orders 9th Circuit: Strip Search and Self Surrender Classification of Arrestees Upon Entry Into a Jail Duty to Protect Prisoners from Assault Handling Grievances in a Jail / Detention Setting Jails and Identity Verification Failure to Provide Medication in Jail / Detention Setting Inmate Mail – PLRA and Allegations of Rights Violations 9th Circuit References 8th Amendment and Nutrition Requirements for Inmates Inmates and Freedom of Religion Jail Strip Search Substitute/Subterfuge Use of Force in Jails / Detention Centers
		legal_questions/ 70 pages LLRMI Archive Index: Legal Questions Answered Profanity and Use of Force Jurisdiction in "4th Class City" Teacher's use of force with fire extinguisher Can Pointing a gun be considered a use of force? Garrity, Civilian Review Boards, and forcing officer's to testify Suspect injured while fleeing ~ Is Agency responsible for medical bills? Opening of locked containers on impound inventories Off-Duty Carry by Reserve Officers Free and Voluntary consent to search residence by suspect under arrest Agency and Personal liability in failure to provide shooting training Court order or search warrant requirements for GPS tracking on vehicles for on-going surveillance Open-ended law enforcement policy on weapons carry Officers stopping officers - Courtesy Rides Garrity Warning or Waiver on application for municipal employment Police Officer Involved in shooting prior to qualifying with duty weapon Search Consent Revocation Providing police reports to the media Warrantless entry and arrest from controlled felony purchase of narcotics Involuntary Transport to Station for Identification Agency Liability for escaped suspect, formally in custody reasonable suspicion to pursue and detain based on unprovoked flight Legal Aspects in using Thermal Imaging by Law Enforcement Criminal Tresspass Strip searching confidential informants Off-Duty Carry for Corrections Officers Photographs as evidence and chain of custody Private land owner ordering an Officer off of their premesis? Questioning of passengers during a traffic stop? Bingo Hunting and Privacy Interests in License Plate Shift Level Counseling Dog Sniff's and Probable Cause Garrity application with EMS Personal Cell Phone records of an officer Automobile search based only on smell of marijuana Break in Custody Directing a Sniper to Terminate a Threat failure to train in rudimentary Spanish? Questioning Students and Parent Notifications Separate Crimes - Same Miranda Response Untruthful or Purposefully Misleading Information on Warrant Request Arrest Warrants and Home Entry Conflicting City and State Law Reasonable expectation of privacy in information provided to hotel/motel Fruits of the Poisonous Tree - A Miranda Example Dismissed Case Based on Unlawful Entry Consensual Encounters - DUI Checks Releasing Mug Shots to the Media Joint Liability in Multi-Agency Operations Miranda after confession given during non-custody interview no-Knock clause in search warrant's In-Custody Deaths and Excited Delirium court requirements for police training on EDP's Responding to Open House Party Officer with search warrant gets door shut in face... OK to enter? Miranda and Detention during Search Warrant Execution Creating a Use of Force Report Failure to Protect Interviewing and Interrogating Students On Campus Probable Cause, and taking a person to police stations Vehicle Search Consent Need for search warrant for vehicle towed to private lot Reasonable expectation of privacy in information supplied to a third party First Appearence Hearings & the 48/72 Hour Window - City & Officer Liability Citizen Complaint Recordings Hiring and the probationary period Permission to search during stop & Robinette decision http://www.llrmi.com/articles/legal_questions/SC_Law_Carrying_firearm_exemptions.doc http://www.llrmi.com/articles/legal_questions/SC_Law_Reserves.doc http://www.llrmi.com/articles/legal_questions/US_926B__Carrying_of_concealed.doc
		legal_update/ 126 pages LLRMI Archive Index: Legal Updates - ALL YEARS 2010 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Legal Updates Article Archive 2009 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Legal Updates Article Archive 2008 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Legal Updates Article Archive 2007 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Legal Updates Article Archive 2006 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Legal Updates Article Archive Georgia Court Upholds Canine Sniff During Traffic Stop U.S. Supreme Court - Miranda Based Custody and the 14 Day Rule United States Supreme Court Clarifies Miranda in FL v. Powell 6th Circuit Denies Officer Qualified Immunity due to Pre-Existing Condition 9th Circuit Upholds Use of GPS Tracking Devices Computer Search Warrants: Where Can We Look? Pointing a Gun, Excessive Force and the Fourth United States court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Restricts the Use of TASER Michigan v Fisher: U.S. Supreme Court Clarifies Exigent Home Entries TASERT, the Target Zone, Policy & Training Mistaken Identity Warrant Arrests Law Enforcement Policy: Taser and Electronic Control Devices (PDF) Taser International Warns Against Targeting the Chest 11th Circuit Decides Taser Case Involving Six Year Old Taping and Transcribing Interviews in Administrative Investigations 7th Circuit Holds Shooting of Car Chase Suspect Reasonable Taser® On Non-Compliant Arrestee Ricci v DeStefano: Exam Violated Rights of White and Hispanic Firefighters Three 2009 U.S. Supreme Court Cases Impacting Law Enforcement Safford Unified School District # 1, et al. v. April Redding - School Strip Searches The Economy and Potential Unexpected Employee Issues [For Law Enforcement] Arizona vs. Gant: What Exactly Can We Do In Light Of Gant? Ashcroft v. Iqbal and Law Enforcement Supervisory Liability Arizona Versus Gant and Inventory Searches Arizona Versus Gant - Mis Interpretations and Commentary Arizona Versus Gant: US Supreme Court Places New Restrictions On Search Incident to Arrest in Vehicles Street Crime Police Units: Traffic Stops, High Crime Areas, Furtive Movements and Vehicle Searches US Supreme Court April 6, 2009, An Unreasonable Delay in Bringing a Suspect to Court May Render the Suspect’s Confession Inadmissible TASER - electronic restraining and compliance devices Service of Arrest Warrants at Third Party Premesis, Third Party Consent and Plain View United States Supreme Court Upholds Frisk of Passenger in Lawfully Stopped Auto - Arizona v Johnson Pearson v Callahan - US Supreme Court Ruling and the Impact on Law Enforcement Qualified Immunity in Civil Rights Cases U.S. Supreme Court and the Exclusionary Rule ~ US v Herring Oral Argument Pearson v Callahan Summary of Arguments: United States v Herring, Arizona v Gant Preview of 2008-2009 U.S. Supreme Court Cases Impacting Law Enforcement Agency Duty to Train Hostage Negotiation/Tactical Combat | Hostages and Agency Liability Agency Duty to Train Hostage Negotiation/Tactical Combat | Hostages and Agency Liability Hostages and the Legal Duty To Protect | Hostages and Agency Liability An Investigator’s Road Map to Out of Court Statements Scot v. Harris - the final word on state claims Managing Law Enforcement Liability Risk Proving Constructive Possession of Illegal Drugs The Law and Vehicle Checkpoints When Imminent Destruction of Evidence Authorizes Warrantless Home Entry Consent, Exigent Circumstances, and Warrantless Home Entry Traffic Stops and Control of Passengers Supreme Court Decides Incident to Arrest –Vehicle Case Held Noble Cause Corruption [in law enforcement] Terry Frisks and the Totality of the Circumstances When a Use of Force is NOT a Constitutional Seizure Covert Video Surveillance Motor Vehicle Pursuit Liability Admissibility of Victim’s Statements and the Sixth Amendment Compelled Substance Abuse Testing Tracking Group Behavior Via Early Intervention Systems Liability Exposure in Special Operations The Need for Policy & Training. 4 of 4: Sexual Misconduct, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Discrimination Failure to Train & Failure to Supervise 3 of 4: Sexual Misconduct, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Discrimination Policy v. Custom / Operational Policy & Failure to Have a Policy 2 of 4: Sexual Misconduct, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Discrimination Introduction to Sexual Misconduct & Agency Liability 1 of 4: Sexual Misconduct, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Discrimination Garrity Issues in Law Enforcement: Once Immunized, Officer Must Tell The Truth Garrity Issues in Law Enforcement: Are Off-Duty Incidents within the Scope of Garrity? Garrity Issues in Law Enforcement: Civilian Review Boards and Garrity Garrity Issues in Law Enforcement: Compulsion as the Triggering Mechanism Garrity Issues in Law Enforcement: Immunity Granted Under Garrity What Happens When the Plaintiff Cannot Identify Which Officer Beat Him? Despite Miranda, Violation Statement May Be Admissible Under the Rescue Doctrine Supreme Court to Hear Incident to Arrest –Vehicle Case Brady vs. Maryland: Do You Understand Your Obligations? Cellular Phones / Digital Devices and Search Incident to Arrest CVehicle Stops: Does a Motorist have a Privacy Interest in their License Plate Handling Sexual Misconduct by Public Safety Officers is a Job for Us, Not the Courts Officers Approach to Parked Car Found To Be A Consensual Encounter Walk Through of Probationer’s Home, Pursuant to State Statute, Reasonable Despite Lack of Reasonable Suspicion Model Policy: Off-Duty Action Procedural Time Limits In Administrative Investigations - Absolutes Retention of ID During a Consensual Encounter 11th Circuit Finds Arrest Reasonable Although Mistaken Identity U.S. Supreme Court Decides Passenger Privacy Case No Liability in Search Warrant Execution When Suspect is NOT in Custody, Seibert Analysis is NOT Needed Persons with Disabilities Off-Duty Murder Not Under Color of Law Thus, No Agency Liability Georgia v. Randolph: Consent of a Co-Occupant Scott v. Harris Decision: Vehicle Pursuit Implications U.S. Supreme Court to Decide Privacy Interests of Passenger Court Dismisses Lawsuit Based Upon Death of Emotionally Disturbed Person United States v. Grubbs: Anticipatory Search Warrants Conduct Unbecoming: Sex, Videotapes, the Internet and Police Misconduct Hidden Compartment In Motor Vehicle Can Provide Probable Cause for Search Anonymous Calls and Reasonable Suspicion Standard Municipal Insurance Pool Not Liable: Robbery and Murder by Police Trainee Cocain Discovered in Auto Leads to Probable Cause to Arrest All Occupants LEO’s Duty to Protect Persons from 3rd Party Harm Harris v. Coweta County: Ramming During Pursuit Viewed as Deadly Force Companion with Gun May Provide Reasonable Suspicion for Pat-Down Training and Policy Direction for Law Enforcement on the handling of Mentally Ill and Emotionally Disturbed persons Duty of Officer’s to Intervene when Observing an Excessive Use of Force The Law of Citizen Contacts and Stop and Frisk Hidden Assets Positional Asphyxia Seizure at Gunpoint Pepper Spray Beanbag Rounds U.S. Supreme Court Upholds Canine Sniffs of Vehicles Common Questions about Law Enforcement Administrative Investigations Warrantless Searches of Motor Vehicles Liability Based on Agency or Individual Failure To Intervene Legal/Liability Issues in the Training Function Preparing a Defense in Law Enforcement Litigation Overview of Police Liability Early Intervention Systems For Law Enforcement Deadly Force to Prevent the Escape of a Violent Felon Bite and Hold Canines: Warning Required Before Release Reasonableness of Handcuffing during a valid “Terry Stop” Focus on Liability Reduction and Better Performance Use of Force in Dealing with the Mentally Ill and Emotionally Disturbed Use of Deadly Force: Pre-Shooting Conduct and the 21 Foot Rule Consent Searches of Motor Vehicles Garrity Issues in Law Enforcement: Garrity & The Administrative Interview
	board/ 1 pages LLRMI Legal and Professional Advisory Board
	expert/ 10 pages MAIN PAGE: Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Police Expert Witness, Jails & Corrections Expert Witness Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Jack Ryan, J.D. Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Brian S. Batterton, J.D. Law Enforcement Expert Witness, David Rivers Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Mike J. Coker Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Chief Tim Longo, J.D, Law Enforcement Expert Witness, G. Patrick Gallagher Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Lou Reiter Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Steve Rothlein Law Enforcement Expert Witness, Glenn Bard
	fire_ems/ 9 pages MAIN PAGE: Fire and EMS Legal & Liability Support Services Fire & EMS Policy Development & Support Services Fire & EMS Risk Assessments Fire & EMS Risk Management and Case Consultation Fire & EMS Expert Witness Services Fire & EMS Critical Incident Response Fire & EMS On-Going Technical Assistance Fire & EMS Training Fire & EMS Articles, Books and Reference Materials
	jails/ 7 pages MAIN PAGE: Legal & Liability Support Services for Jails and Corrections Jails and Corrections Policy Development and Support Critical Task Risk Assessment for Jails and Corrections Risk Management and Case Consultation for Jails and Corrections Expert Witnesses for Jails and Corrections Critical Incident Response for Jails and Corrections Training and Resources for Jails and Corrections
	le/ 9 pages MAIN PAGE: Law Enforcement Legal & Liability Support Services Law Enforcement Policy Development & Support Services Law Enforcement Risk Assessments Law Enforcement Risk Management and Case Consultation Law Enforcement Expert Witness Services Law Enforcement Critical Incident Response Law Enforcement On-Going Technical Assistance Law Enforcement Training Law Enforcement Articles, Books and Reference Materials
	risk/ 7 pages MAIN PAGE: Legal & Liability Support Services for Public Safety Risk Management and Insurance Pools High Risk Policy Development & Support for Public Safety Risk Managers and Insurance Pools Risk Management Consultations for Public Safety Risk Managers and Insurance Pools Case Consultations for Public Safety Risk Managers and Insurance Pools Expert Witness Services for Public Safety Risk Managers and Insurance Pools Training for Public Safety Risk Managers and Insurance Pools Articles, Books and Reference Materials for Public Safety Risk Managers and Insurance Pools
	training/ 19 pages LLRMI TRAINING - MAIN PAGE Law Enforcement Legal Training - Liability & Risk Management Courses for police and public safety Public Safety Legal & Liability Risk Management Institute Training Course: Defending Law Enforcement Litigation Training Course: Internal Affairs - Managing Citizen Complaints & Employee Discipline Training Course: Internal Affairs - 5 Day Conference Training Course: Internal Affairs and Administrative Investigations in Jail/Detention Centers Training Course: Legal Update and Law Enforcement Best Practices Training Course: Legal Update for Jails and Correctional Facilities Training Course: Liability Management for Drug Investigations Training Course: Liability Management for for tactical, S.W.A.T, and emergency response operations Training Course: School Legal & Liability Issues Training Course: Use of Force, Deadly Force & Officer Involved Shooting - investigation, policy and legal issues Training Course: High Speed Vehicle Pursuit Liability Training Course: How To Write, Develop and Implement Department Policy and Procedures Training Course: Liability Management for Arrest, Search, Seizure and Interrogation Training Course: Prevention of Police Misconduct Training Course: Sexual Misconduct Involving Law Enforcement and Fire Personnel Training Course: Public Safety Hiring & Background Investigations

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